UNIVERSITET In order to make spatial statistics computationally feasible , we need to forget about the covariance function

Gaussian random fields (GRFs) are the most common way of modelling structured spatial random effects in spatial statistics. Unfortunately, their high computational cost renders the direct use of GRFs impractical for large problems and approximations are commonly used. In this paper we compare two approximations to GRFs with Matérn covariance functions: the kernel convolution approximation and the Gaussian Markov random field representation of an associated stochastic partial differential equation. We show that the second approach is a natural way to tackle the problem and is better than methods based on approximating the kernel convolution.